KURT SYLVAN
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON (UK)
PH.D., RUTGERS UNIVERSITY (NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ, USA)
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"I am sure that I do not understand the idea of a reason for acting, 
and I wonder whether anyone else does either." 

Philippa Foot
SCHEDULE OF READINGS


For each week, the readings are broken down into required readings
and optional further readings.  You are not at all expected to read the
optional readings.  I include them in case you find the topic especially
interesting and would like to write a paper on it or simply learn more.


Week 1: Introduction

No Required Reading for this Week
 
Part 1: Internalism about Normative Reasons


Week 2: Hypotheticalism, Part 1

Required Reading
Williams, B.  "Internal and External Reasons"

Strongly Recommended Reading
McDowell, J. "Might There Be External Reasons?"

Optional Further Reading
Dancy, J.  "Internal and External Reasons"
Finlay, S.  "The Obscurity of Internal Reasons"
Finlay, S. and Schroeder, M. “Reasons for Action: Internal vs. External”   
SEP
Manne, K.  "Internalism about Reasons: Sad but True?"
Markovits, J.  "Internal Reasons and the Motivating Intuition"
Millgram, E.  “Williams’ Argument against External Reasons”

Nagel, T.  The Possibility of Altruism, Chapters 1-5
Scanlon, T. M.  "Williams on Internal and External Reasons"
Wiland, E.  Reasons, pp.31-45
Williams, B.  “Internal Reasons and the Obscurity of Blame”


Week 3: Hypotheticalism, Part 2

Required Reading
Schroeder, M.  Selections from Slaves of the Passions

Optional Further Reading
Dancy, J.  “Response to Mark Schroeder’s Slaves of the Passions”
Enoch, D.  "Critical Notice of Slaves of the Passions"
McPherson, T.  “Mark Schroeder’s Hypotheticalism”
Shackel, N.  “Still Waiting for a Plausible Humean Theory of Reasons”
Sobel, D.  “Review of Mark Schroeder’s Slaves of the Passions”   URL
Street, S.  “In Defence of Future Tuesday Indifference”

Week 4: Kantian Constructivism, Part 1

Required Reading
Smith, M.  "Internal Reasons"

Strongly Recommended Reading
​Korsgaard, C.  "Skepticism about Practical Reason"

Optional Further Reading
Copp, D.  "Belief, Reason, and Motivation: Michael Smith's The Moral Problem"
Gibbard, A.  "Morality as Consistency in Living: Korsgaard's Kantian Lectures"

Korsgaard, C.  Selections from The Sources of Normativity
Sayre-McCord, G.  "The Meta-Ethical Problem"
Smith, M.  "In Defense of 
The Moral Problem"
Smith, M.  Selections from The Moral Problem, Ch. 5

Week 5: Kantian Constructivism, Part 2

Required Reading
Markovits, J.  Selections from Moral Reason

Optional Further Reading
Bagnoli, C.  “Constructivism in Meta-Ethics.”   SEP
Darwall, S.  Selections from Impartial Reason
Markovits, J.  “Why Be an Internalist about Reasons?”
O’Neill, O.  “Constructivisms in Ethics”
O’Neill, O.  "Consistency in Action"
Rawls, J.  “Kantian Constructivism in Moral Theory”

Week 6: Consultation Week

I’ll be in my office during the normal class hours.  Feel free to arrange a meeting at another
 time if this doesn’t work for you.  Just send me an email and I’ll be happy to find a time.

Week 7: Constitutivism

Required Reading
Korsgaard, C.  Selections from Self-Constitution

Strongly Recommended Reading
Korsgaard, C.  “Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant”

Optional Further Reading
Enoch, D.  “Agency, Schmagency”
Millgram, E.  “Practical Reason and the Structure of Actions”   SEP
Railton, P.  “On the Hypothetical and the Non-Hypothetical in Reasoning about Belief and Action”
Velleman, D.  "The Possibility of Practical Reason"

Part 2: Externalism and Hybrid Views

Week 8: Scanlon and Parfit

Required Reading
Parfit, D. “Reasons and Motivation”
Scanlon, T. M.  What We Owe to Each Other, Chapter 1

Optional Further Reading
Markovits, J.  “On What It Is to Matter, and Other Matters”
Parfit, D.  On What Matters, Chapters 2-4
Smith, M.  “Desires, Values, Reasons, and the Dualism of Practical Reason”
Smith, M.  “Parfit’s Mistaken Meta-Ethics”
Sobel, D.  “Parfit’s Case against Subjectivism”

Week 9: Hybrid Voluntarism

Required Reading
Chang, R.  "Voluntarist Reasons and the Sources of Normativity"

Strongly Recommended Reading
Chang, R.  “Commitments, Reasons, and the Will"

TED Talk Supplement
Chang, R.  "How to Make Hard Choices"   VIDEO

Optional Further Reading
Chang, R.  “Can Desires Provide Reasons for Action?”
Chang, R.  “Practical Reasons: The Problem of Gridlock"
Chang, R.  “Grounding Practical Normativity: Going Hybrid"
De Beauvoir, S.  The Ethics of Ambiguity
Sartre, J. P.  "Existentialism Is a Humanism"

Part 3: Reasons, Rationality, and Morality

Week 10: Morality and Rationality, Part 1

Required Reading
Foot, P.  “Morality as a System of Hypothetical Imperatives”

Strongly Recommended Reading
McDowell, J.  "Are Moral Requirements Hypothetical Imperatives?"

Optional Further Reading
Dreier, J.  “Humean Doubts about the Practical Justification of Morality”
Korsgaard, C.  "The Myth of Egoism"
Nagel, T.  The Possibility of Altruism, Chapter 7, 9-12

Week 11: Morality and Rationality, Part 2

Required Reading
Nagel, T.  Selections from The Possibility of Altruism

Optional Further Reading
Parfit, D.  Reasons and Persons, Part 2

Part 4: Why Be Rational?

​Week 12: Kolodny

Required Reading
Kolodny, N.  “Why Be Rational?”

Optional Further Reading
Broome, J.  “Have We Reason to Do as Rationality Requires?”
Broome, J.  “Is Rationality Normative?”
Broome, J.  “Normative Requirements”

Broome, J.  “Wide or Narrow Scope?”
Kolodny, N.  “How Does Coherence Matter?”
Kolodny, N.  “State or Process Requirements?”
Kolodny, N.  “Why Be Disposed to Be Coherent?”
Korsgaard, C.  “The Normativity of Instrumental Reason”

Raz, J.  “The Myth of Instrumental Rationality”
Scanlon, T. M.  “Structural Irrationality”
Schroeder, M.  “Instrumental Mythology”
Southwood, N.  “Vindicating the Normativity of Rationality”
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